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Jungle gym
The jungle gym, monkey bars, or climbing frame, is a piece of playground equipment made of many pieces of material, such as metal pipe or rope, on which children can climb, hang, or sit. The ''monkey bar'' designation refers to the rambunctious, climbing play of monkeys.
==History==
The first jungle gym was invented in 1920 and patented by lawyer Sebastian Hinton in Chicago.〔Hinton's original patents for the "climbing structure" are filed July 22, 1920; filed October 1, 1920; filed October 1, 1920; and filed October 24, 1921.〕 It was sold under the trademarked name Junglegym. The term "monkey bars" was first documented in 1955, though Hinton's initial patent of 1920 appeals to the "monkey instinct" in claiming the benefits of climbing as exercise and play for children,〔In Hinton wrote on page 3, "Again and importantly, the monkey instinct strong in all human beings and perhaps more clearly displayed in children, makes climbing a sport to which children enthusiastically take, by a psychology about the same as that of a kitten at play with a ball, which of course is practice for hunting."〕 and his improvement patents later that year refer to monkeys shaking the bars of a cage, children swinging on a "monkey runway", and the game of "monkey tag".〔In Hinton wrote on page 3, "I have found, however, that children seem to like to climb through the structure to some particular point, and there swing head downward by the knees, calling back and forth to each other, a trick which can be explained of course only by the monkey instinct." and on page 4 he wrote, "I make considerable point of the great strength of the structure, as this is important. Thus most persons have seen a monkey in a zoo, seize the bars of his cage with hands and feet and throw his body violently back and forth, other monkeys following suit. Children in the structure I have erected do the same thing, apparently unconscious of any imitation of monkeys. It can be appreciated that with twenty-five or thirty heavy boys doing this, the strains on the structure are very great."〕 Hinton's father, a mathematician, had built a similar structure from bamboo when Hinton was a child; his father's goal was to enable children to achieve an intuitive understanding of 3-dimensional space through a game in which numbers for the x, y, and z axes were called out and each child tried to be the first to grasp the indicated junction. Thus the abstraction of Cartesian coordinates could be grasped as a name of a tangible point in space.〔("J" is for Jungle Gym ) from Winnetka, Illinois Historical Society〕
Hinton's second prototype jungle gym is still standing at Crow Island School.〔〔(Crow Island School history )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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